What causes epididymitis and orchitis?
Epididymitis and orchitis are commonly caused by bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted infections. Viral infections, such as mumps, can also lead to orchitis, particularly in adolescents and adults. In some cases, urinary tract abnormalities, recent medical procedures, or trauma may contribute to inflammation. Identifying the underlying cause helps guide the most effective treatment plan.
What are the symptoms of epididymitis and orchitis?
Symptoms often include pain, swelling, and tenderness in the testicles or scrotum. Patients may also experience redness, warmth, fever, chills, painful urination, frequent urination, or discomfort during sexual activity. Symptoms can develop gradually or appear suddenly, depending on the cause. Medical evaluation is recommended whenever testicular pain or swelling occurs.
How are epididymitis and orchitis diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically begins with a physical examination and review of symptoms and medical history. Doctors may order urine tests, blood tests, and screening for infections to identify the cause of inflammation. Imaging studies such as scrotal ultrasound are often used to assess blood flow, swelling, and rule out other conditions. Accurate diagnosis ensures timely and appropriate treatment.
What treatments are available for epididymitis and orchitis?
Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the condition. Bacterial infections are commonly treated with antibiotics, while viral infections may require supportive care and symptom management. Additional recommendations may include rest, hydration, anti-inflammatory medications, and scrotal support to reduce discomfort. Early treatment can help prevent complications and promote a faster recovery while preserving reproductive health.
