What causes Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)?
The exact cause of BPH is not fully understood, but it is closely linked to aging and hormonal changes in men. As men grow older, changes in testosterone and other hormone levels can stimulate prostate growth. Family history, obesity, and certain health conditions may also increase the likelihood of developing BPH. Although the condition is common, it is not related to prostate cancer.
What are the symptoms of BPH?
BPH symptoms usually develop gradually and primarily affect urinary function. Common signs include frequent urination, especially at night, difficulty starting urination, a weak or interrupted urine stream, and a sensation that the bladder is not completely empty. Some men may also experience urgency, dribbling after urination, or urinary retention. The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the degree of prostate enlargement.
How is BPH diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically begins with a discussion of symptoms, medical history, and a physical examination. A healthcare provider may perform a digital rectal exam (DRE) to assess the size of the prostate. Additional tests such as urine analysis, blood tests including PSA levels, ultrasound imaging, and urine flow studies may be recommended. These evaluations help confirm the diagnosis and rule out other urinary tract conditions.
What treatments are available for BPH?
Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and their impact on daily life. Mild cases may be managed with lifestyle modifications and regular monitoring. Moderate to severe symptoms can often be treated with medications that relax prostate muscles or reduce prostate size. In some cases, minimally invasive procedures or surgical treatments may be recommended to improve urine flow and relieve urinary obstruction. The goal is to restore comfort, improve bladder function, and enhance overall quality of life.